CP80, developed by Junyuan Petroleum Group through research and development. This substance can replace and reduce the use of CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFC (Hydrochlorofluorocarbon), which are both GHG emissions, in the production of heat absorbing foam. This substance can contribute to reducing risks of global warming.

Applications of Cyclopentane 80:

Used as solvent for solution polymerization of polyisoprene rubber and cellulose ether, replacing freon as foaming agent for thermal insulation materials of refrigerators and freezers and other hard PU foam, and as reference material for chromatographic analysis.

• Blowing agent for Polyurethane foams (PU foams)
• Insulation boards for building insulation
• Refrigerators, freezers

Normal Pentane is used in consumer merchandise such as spot lifters, cleaners and foaming shave gels and in commercial products such as a blowing agent for expanded polystyrene (foam) insulation. It may also be used as a solvent (extra pure grade) in laboratory, chemical analysis, and other settings where a highly volatile non-polar solvent is needed.

• Technical Data Sheet

Description:

n-Pentane is a flammable liquid. It is used as a solvent, as a build- ing block chemical in reactions to form other
industrial substances, as a component of fuel, and as an aerosol propellant. In addition, more supplementary information is as follows:

• Formula: C5H12
  Formula Weight: 72.15
  Purity: 95%~99%
  CAS Number: 109-66-0
  UN Number: UN1265
  Hazard Class: 3
  Packing Group: II
  Harmonized Tariff Code: 2901.10
  Packing Sizes: 14.5 MT/ISO Tank, 120kg/200L steel drum

Product Applications

In addition to the above mentioned, Normal Pentane (Pentane) is used principally as a blowing agent in foam production, as a propellant in aerosols and as reaction media for polymerisation processes. It is also used in the laboratory as solvents that can be conveniently and rapidly evaporated.

Highest quality 99+% n-Pentane. Pentanes are relatively inexpensive and are the most volatile liquid alkanes at room temperature, so they are often used in the laboratory as solvents that can be conveniently and rapidly evaporated.

However, because of their nonpolarity and lack of functionality, they dissolve only nonpolar and alkyl-rich compounds. Pentanes are miscible with most common nonpolar solvents such as chlorocarbons, aromatics, and ethers. They are often used in liquid chromatography.

Blend Cyclopentane/Isopentane (50-50) : It is a mixture of 50% of Isopentane and 50% of Cyclopentane. The advantage of using Cyclopentane/Isopentane Pentane Blend 50 / 50 is that it can reduce the foaming cost without affecting other physical properties of foam.

Cyclopentane was first used in Europe as a blowing agent for the production of polyurethane foam in1993 (see German blue angel plan for details). By the end of 1995, almost all European household appliance manufacturers had started to use cyclopentane foaming technology.

Blend Cyclopentane/Isopentane (50-50) acts as a blowing agent. It provides high insulation performance at stable processing conditions. It offers good thermal conductivity. Blend Cyclopentane/Isopentane (50-50) is used in the production of polyurethane foams. The foam is applied to insulation in household, commercial appliances, pipes, reefers, cooling containers and in construction area as boards and panels.

PACKAGING

• ISO Tank Container
• Packaging technical characteristics available upon request to the commercial department.
  Feasibility of filling packaging of the customers if they are in conformity with the legislation.
  Contact us for any other specific packaging.
  According to the density of pentane blends, the filling rate volume of the ISO tank container can not be less than 80%, and the maximum can not exceed 95%.

By adding Isopentane with a boiling point of 28 ° C to Cyclopentane (boiling point of 49 ° C), it can be ensured that the foaming agent can function at a lower temperature and at the initial stage of the polyurethane reaction.

At a lower temperature, the mixture of polyol and isocyanate is still relatively liquid and has a smaller viscosity, which is easier to expand than when the polyurethane raw material rises above 50 ℃. This earlier and more evenly distributed foaming reaction greatly improved the flow performance (filling capacity) of the polyurethane system. This improvement in flow performance can be easily demonstrated by experiments in the laboratory.

In the same formula, gradually increase the proportion of Isopentane to observe the change of fluidity. For example, taking Blend Cyclopentane/Isopentane (50-50) as an example, the ratio of height to mass, an index of fluidity, can be improved by 9%. However, if more isopentane is added, it will help to improve the ratio of height to mass, but the impact will gradually decrease.

USES AND APPLICATIONS

The improvement of fluidity can ensure that the box is filled with a lower filling amount or a lower overall density. However, it is important not only to fill the box at a lower density, but also to maintain the shape stability of foam at a lower density.

In addition, the addition of Isopentane to Cyclopentane will increase the internal pressure of the cell. For example, the internal pressure of Cyclopentane foamed foam rises from 45 kPa to 55 kPa for Cyclopentane / Isopentane foamed foam (the mass ratio of Cyclopentane to Isopentane is 7:3).

The higher internal pressure of the cell reduces the influence of the external force on the foam, that is, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cell.

When designing and developing the formula of Cyclo/Isopentane foaming system, the strength of foam should be increased, and it has good compatibility with Cyclo/Isopentane. It is required that the combined polyether blended with pentane should be a clear and transparent liquid.

This Blend Cyclopentane/Isopentane (50-50) is the ideal compromise between the mechanical and heat resistances of the resulting foam. Harmless to the ozone layer, it is especially fit as a substitute for the HCFC 141 b.

Characteristics

Normal Pentane, a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon,with the C5H12 formula, is a normal aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent with the molecular formula C5H12. It is a straight chain of five carbons and twelve hydrogen atoms. n-Pentane is a constituent of crude oil and a compound that condensates from natural gas production. It is also referred to as amyl hydride and pentane. Pentane is an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent that is classified as pure Normal, Isopentane and Cyclopentane.

The chemical properties of Pentane (Normal) include better volatility, relatively higher purity, low odour, fast evaporation rate and narrow boiling range, among others. Moreover, in terms of physical properties, N Pentane is a colourless liquid with a sweet and gasoline odour. In addition, it is a liquid that is insoluble in water, volatile and flammable.

In terms of applications, n-Pentane is primarily applicable as an intermediate in polymerisation reactions, as a propellant in aerosols, in low-temperature thermometers and as a blowing agent in foam production (e.g. expandable polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PUR)), and among other applications. Furthermore, Pentane (Normal) has value-added properties owing to which it finds a wide range of applications across numerous end-use industries.

Technical Data Sheet
MELTING POINT: -129.7 °C

BOILING POINT: 36.1 °C

DENSITY: 0.626 kg/l

SOLUBILITY: water 0.36 g/l at 20 °C

REFRACTIVE INDEX: 20/D 1.3577

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Liquid
PRODUCT CODE: LX257689
PRODUCT NAME: Normal Pentane
SPECIFICATIONS:
Minimum assay (G.C.): 95%
Purity Ranging: 95% to 99%
Density 20/4: 0.624-0.628
Packing Type: ISO Tank/Steel Drums

Product Identifier
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Pentane
SYNONYMS: n-Pentane, N Pentane, amyl hydride, pentan, skellysolve a, pentanen, pentani, amyl hydride, tetrafume, tetrakil, tetraspot, pentan
CAS #: 109-66-0
EC #: 203-692-4
Percent Purity: 95%
Linear Formula CH3(CH2)3CH3
UN Number: UN1265
Solubility Information Miscible with water.
Formula Weight: 72.15
Physical Form: Liquid
Density: 0.626 g/mL
Boiling Point: 36°C
Color: Colorless
Melting Point: -130°C
Flash Point -49°C (-57°F)
Odor: Nearly odorless
Refractive Index: 1.358
UN: 1265
CLASS/PG: 3/II
ADR: 3/II
IMDG: 3/II
IATA: 3/II
WGK: 1
STORAGE: Room Temperature.
SIGNAL WORD: Danger
GHS SYMBOLS:
GHS02
GHS08
GHS07
GHS09
H PHRASES:
H225
H304
EUH066
H336
H411
P PHRASES:
P210
P233
P240
P241
P242
P243
P261
P271
P273
P280
P301+P310
P303+P361+P353
P304+P340
P312
P331
P370+P378
P391
P403+P233
P403+P235
P405
P501
EINECS: 203-692-4
HS Code: 29011000
Relevant identified uses of the substance
Normal Pentane is a five-carbon aliphatic compound that is a natural constituent of the major paraffin fraction of crude oil and also found in natural gas. Normal Pentane is a colorless, flammable liquid (the first liquid member of the alkanes) that is lighter than water. Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be supplied as highly pure single products such as pentane, hexane or heptane (normal or iso), cyclic (eg. cyclohexane) or as a distillation cut containing large numbers of aliphatics, collected at a specific temperature or temperature range in the distillation process. Aliphatic hydrocarbons have low miscibility with water and have a very low surface tension, which means that small amounts can be spread evenly over a wide surface area. Furniture polish is a typical application for aliphatic hydrocarbons. Other uses for aliphatic hydrocarbons include extraction processes in pharmaceutical and food production, paints and coatings, lubricants and in the printing industry.
Most common technical function of substance (what it does): solvents

CP-70 (Cyclopentane/Isopentane Blend – 70:30)

SECTION 1 Identification of the substance / mixture and of the company / undertaking

Product Identifier

Product Name: CP-70 (Cyclopentane/Isopentane Blend – 70:30)
Synonyms: Cyclopentane (Pentamethylene) / Isopentane (2-Methylbutan, Ethyldimethylmethane ) Blend
Proper Shipping Name: PENTANES, liquid
Chemical Formula: Not Applicable
Other Means of Identification: Not Available

Details of the Manufacturer of the Safety Data Sheet

Registered Company Name: Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company
Address: No. 117, Guangqing Rd., Guangrao County, Dongying, Shandong, China
Telephone: +86 178 1030 0898
Fax: Not Available
Website: www.junyuanpetroleumgroup.com/
Email: info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com

Emergency Telephone Number

Association / Organisation: Dongying Liangxin Petrochemical Technology Development Limited Company
Emergency Telephone Number: +86 178 1030 0898
Other emergency Telephone Numbers: Not Available

SECTION 2 Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
Poisons Schedule: S5
Classification: Flammable Liquids Category 2, Aspiration Hazard Category 1, Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 2B, Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Single Exposure (Narcotic Effects) Category 3, Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment Long-Term Hazard Category 2
Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from HCIS; 3. Classification drawn from Regulation (EU) No 1272/2008 – Annex VI

Label elements
Hazard pictogram(s): Health Hazard, Flame, Environment, Exclamation Mark
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
AUH066: Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness and cracking.
H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H320: Causes eye irritation.
H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Precautionary statement(s) General

P101 If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.
P102 Keep out of reach of children.
P103 Read carefully and follow all instructions.

Precautionary statement(s) Prevention

P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.
P241 Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/intrinsically safe equipment.
P242 Use non-sparking tools.
P243 Take action to prevent static discharges.
P261 Avoid breathing mist/vapours/spray.
P273 Avoid release to the environment.
P264 Wash all exposed external body areas thoroughly after handling.
P280 Wear protective gloves and protective clothing.

Precautionary statement(s) Response

P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider.
P331 Do NOT induce vomiting.
P370+P378 In case of fire: Use alcohol resistant foam or normal protein foam to extinguish.
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider/if you feel unwell.
P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P391 Collect spillage.
P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower].
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

Precautionary statement(s) Storage

P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P405 Store locked up.

Precautionary statement(s) Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to authorised hazardous or special waste collection point in accordance with any local regulation.

Not Applicable

SECTION 3 Composition / information on ingredients Substances

See section below for composition of Mixtures
Mixtures
CAS No / %[weight] / Name
287-92-3 / 67-73 / Cyclopentane
78-78-4 /  27-33 / Isopentane
109-66-0 / <5 / n-Pentane

Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from HCIS; 3. Classification drawn from Regulation (EU) No 1272/2008 – Annex VI; 4. Classification drawn from C&L; * EU IOELVs available

SECTION 4 First aid measures Description of first aid measures

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
For acute or short term repeated exposures to petroleum distillates or related hydrocarbons:
Primary threat to life, from pure petroleum distillate ingestion and/or inhalation, is respiratory failure.
Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis, tachypnoea, intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given oxygen. Patients with inadequate tidal volumes or poor arterial blood gases (pO2 50 mm Hg) should be intubated.
Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury has been reported; intravenous lines and cardiac monitors should be established in obviously symptomatic patients. The lungs excrete inhaled solvents, so that hyperventilation improves clearance.
A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and circulation to document aspiration and detect the presence of pneumothorax. Epinephrine (adrenalin) is not recommended for treatment of bronchospasm because of potential myocardial sensitisation to catecholamines. Inhaled cardioselective bronchodilators (e.g. Alupent, Salbutamol) are the preferred agents, with aminophylline a second choice.
Lavage is indicated in patients who require decontamination; ensure use of cuffed endotracheal tube in adult patients. [Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology]
Any material aspirated during vomiting may produce lung injury. Therefore emesis should not be induced mechanically or pharmacologically. Mechanical means should be used if it is considered necessary to evacuate the stomach contents; these include gastric lavage after endotracheal intubation. If spontaneous vomiting has occurred after ingestion, the patient should be monitored for difficult breathing, as adverse effects of aspiration into the lungs may be delayed up to 48 hours.

SECTION 5 Firefighting measures Extinguishing media

Foam.
Dry chemical powder.
BCF (where regulations permit). Carbon dioxide.

Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture

Fire Incompatibility Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result

Advice for firefighters

Fire Fighting
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. May be violently or explosively reactive.
Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves in the event of a fire.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.

Fire/Explosion Hazard
Liquid and vapour are highly flammable.
Severe fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame and/or oxidisers. Vapour forms an explosive mixture with air.
Severe explosion hazard, in the form of vapour, when exposed to flame or spark.
Combustion products include:
carbon dioxide (CO2)
other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.
Contains low boiling substance: Closed containers may rupture due to pressure buildup under fire conditions.
HAZCHEM 3YE

SECTION 6 Accidental release measures

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
See section 8

Environmental precautions
See section 12

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Minor Spills Environmental hazard – contain spillage.
Remove all ignition sources. Clean up all spills immediately.
Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment.

Major Spills Environmental hazard – contain spillage.
Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. May be violently or explosively reactive.
Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.

SECTION 7 Handling and storage Precautions for safe handling

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Suitable container Packing as supplied by manufacturer.
Plastic containers may only be used if approved for flammable liquid. Check that containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
For low viscosity materials (i) : Drums and jerry cans must be of the non-removable head type. (ii) : Where a can is to be used as an inner package, the can must have a screwed enclosure.
For materials with a viscosity of at least 2680 cSt. (23 deg. C)
For manufactured product having a viscosity of at least 250 cSt.
Storage incompatibility: Avoid reaction with oxidising agents
Note: Depending on other risk factors, compatibility assessment based on the table above may not be relevant to storage situations, particularly where large volumes of dangerous goods are stored and handled. Reference should be made to the Safety Data Sheets for each substance or article and risks assessed accordingly.

SECTION 8 Exposure controls / personal protection Control parameters
Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

INGREDIENT DATA
Ingredient/Material name/TWA
Cyclopentane/Cyclopentane /600 ppm / 1720 mg/m3
n-Pentane /Pentane/ 600 ppm / 1770 mg/m3

Ingredient /Original IDLH
Cyclopentane /Not Available
Isopentane /Not Available
n-Pentane/ 1,500 ppm

MATERIAL DATA
Exposure controls
Appropriate engineering
controls Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection. The basic types of engineering controls are:
Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard “physically” away from the worker and ventilation that strategically “adds” and “removes” air in the work environment.
Personal protection
Eye and face protection Safety glasses with side shields. Chemical goggles.
Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document,
describing the wearing of lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task.
Skin protection See Hand protection below
Hands/feet protection The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Where the chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application.
The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed when making a final choice.
Personal hygiene is a key element of effective hand care.
Polyethylene gloves
Wear chemical protective gloves, e.g. PVC.
Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, e.g. Rubber
Body protection See Other protection below
Other Protection
Overalls. PVC Apron.
PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe. Eyewash unit.

Recommended material(s)
GLOVE SELECTION INDEX
Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the:
“Forsberg Clothing Performance Index”.
The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the computer- generated selection:
CP-70 (Cyclopentane/Isopentane Blend – 70:30)

Material CPI
PVA A
VITON A
NITRILE B
NEOPRENE C
NEOPRENE/NATURAL C
NITRILE+PVC C
PVC C

* CPI – Chemwatch Performance Index A: Best Selection
B: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersion C: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersion
NOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove, a final selection must be based on detailed observation. –
* Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis, factors such as “feel” or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice of gloves which might otherwise be unsuitable following long-term or frequent use. A qualified practitioner should be consulted.

Respiratory protection
Type AX Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:2001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent)
Cartridge respirators should never be used for emergency ingress or in areas of unknown vapour concentrations or oxygen content.
The wearer must be warned to leave the contaminated area immediately on detecting any odours through the respirator. The odour may indicate that the mask is not functioning properly, that the vapour concentration is too high, or that the mask is not properly fitted. Because of these limitations, only restricted use of cartridge respirators is considered appropriate.
Cartridge performance is affected by humidity. Cartridges should be changed after 2 hr of continuous use unless it is determined that the humidity is less than 75%, in which case, cartridges can be used for 4 hr. Used cartridges should be discarded daily, regardless of the length of time used

SECTION 9 Physical and chemical properties

Information on basic physical and chemical properties
Appearance: Clear, colourless highly flammable liquid with a strong hydrocarbon odour; does not mix with water.

Physical state Liquid

Odour: Not Available
Odour threshold : Not Available

pH (as supplied): Not Available
Melting point / freezing point (°C): Not Available
Initial boiling point and boiling range (°C): Not Available
Flash point (°C): -51
Evaporation rate: Not Available
Flammability: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE.

Upper Explosive Limit (%): 8.7
Lower Explosive Limit (%): 1.1
Vapour pressure (kPa): 53.4

Solubility in water: Not Available
Vapour density (Air = 1): Not Available

Relative density (Water = 1): Not Available
Partition coefficient n-octanol/ water: Not Available
Auto-ignition temperature (°C) :260
Decomposition temperature (°C): Not Available

Viscosity (cSt): 0.255 @ 20C

Molecular weight (g/mol): Not Applicable
Taste Not Available: Explosive properties Not Available
Oxidising properties: Not Available
Surface Tension (dyn/cm or mN/m): Not Available
Volatile Component (%vol): 100
Gas group: Not Available
pH as a solution (Not Available%): Not Available
VOC g/L :Not Available

SECTION 10 Stability and reactivity

Reactivity See section 7

Chemical stability :
Unstable in the presence of incompatible materials.
Product is considered stable.
Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Possibility of hazardous reactions: See section 7
Conditions to avoid: See section 7
Incompatible materials: See section 7
Hazardous decomposition products: See section 5

SECTION 11 Toxicological information

Information on toxicological effects

Inhaled
Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by narcosis, reduced alertness, loss of reflexes, lack of coordination and vertigo.
Limited evidence or practical experience suggests that the material may produce irritation of the respiratory system, in a significant number of individuals, following inhalation. In contrast to most organs, the lung is able to respond to a chemical insult by first removing or neutralising the irritant and then repairing the damage. The repair process, which initially evolved to protect mammalian lungs from foreign matter and antigens, may however, produce further lung damage resulting in the impairment of gas exchange, the primary function of the lungs. Respiratory tract irritation often results in an inflammatory response involving the recruitment and activation of many cell types, mainly derived from the vascular system.
Acute effects from inhalation of high concentrations of vapour are pulmonary irritation, including coughing, with nausea; central nervous system depression – characterised by headache and dizziness, increased reaction time, fatigue and loss of co-ordination
Central nervous system (CNS) depression may include nonspecific discomfort, symptoms of giddiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects, slowed reaction time, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisonings may result in respiratory depression and may be fatal.
Symptoms of pentane inhalation exposure may include, hyperactivity, anaesthesia and a persistent taste of gasoline. Light anaesthesia occurs in mice after 10 minutes exposure to 70000 ppm n-pentane.
Inhalation of high vapour concentrations may result in coughing, headache, mild depression, incoordination, blurred vision, confusion, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, irregular heartbeat and unconsciousness.
Concentrations of 270 to 400 mg/l isopentane may cause narcosis and cardiac sensitisation .

Material is highly volatile and may quickly form a concentrated atmosphere in confined or unventilated areas. The vapour may displace and replace air in breathing zone, acting as a simple asphyxiant. This may happen with little warning of overexposure.
An acute exposure due to inhalation of cyclopentane can result in light headedness. As with all alicyclic hydrocarbons, cyclopentane is a central nervous system depressant. Symptoms of acute exposure, in high concentrations include excitement, loss of equilibrium, stupor, coma, and, occasionally, respiratory failure.
Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of the individual.

Ingestion
Swallowing of the liquid may cause aspiration of vomit into the lungs with the risk of haemorrhaging, pulmonary oedema, progressing to chemical pneumonitis; serious consequences may result.
Signs and symptoms of chemical (aspiration) pneumonitis may include coughing, gasping, choking, burning of the mouth, difficult breathing, and bluish coloured skin (cyanosis).
Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.
Ingestion of pentanes may result in diarrhoea, haemorrhage of the mucous membranes, or when the liquid vapourises in the trachea, asphyxiation leading to brain damage or death. Ingestion may also cause nausea, vomiting and abdominal swelling. Large doses (1 ml/kg) may cause central nervous system depression, ventricular fibrillation and kidney, liver and bone marrow damage.
Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments. The liquid may produce gastrointestinal discomfort and may be harmful if swallowed. Ingestion may result in nausea, pain and vomiting. Vomit entering the lungs by aspiration may cause potentially lethal
chemical pneumonitis

Skin
Contact Repeated exposure may cause skin cracking, flaking or drying following normal handling and use.
Symptoms of pentane exposure may include drying, cracking, itching, blistering, redness, pigmentation, swelling, burning and pain. Because pentane boils just below body temperature, absorption is not expected to be a significant route of entry. Toluene by comparison is absorbed through the skin at 20 times the rate of n-pentane
Entry into the blood-stream through, for example, cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful
effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.

Eye
Limited evidence exists, or practical experience suggests, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/or is expected to produce significant ocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of experimental animals. Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis); temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur.
Eye-contact with the liquid pentanes may result in inflammation of the iris and mucous membranes resulting in pain and lachrymation. Eye contact with liquid or very high vapour concentrations may result in drying, redness, swelling and pain.

Chronic
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying with cracking, irritation and possible dermatitis following.
Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.
Chronic exposure to pentanes may result in chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary oedema or peripheral neuropathy. Prolonged or repeated inhalation may cause dizziness, weakness, weight loss, anaemia, nervousness, pain in the limbs and peripheral numbness (“pins and needles”)

CP-70 (Cyclopentane/Isopentane Blend – 70:30)

TOXICITY: Not Available
IRRITATION:  Not Available
TOXICITY: Inhalation(Rat) LC50; >25.3 mg/l4h, Oral (Rat) LD50; >2000 mg/kg
IRRITATION: Not Available
Isopentane
TOXICITY: Inhalation(Rat) LC50; >25.3 mg/l4h; Oral (Rat) LD50; >2000 mg/kg
IRRITATION: Not Available
n-Pentane
TOXICITY
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 3000 mg/kg
Inhalation(Rat) LC50; >25.3 mg/l4h
Oral (Rat) LD50; >2000 mg/kg
IRRITATION: Not Available
Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances – Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer’s SDS. Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS – Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances
N-PENTANE [GENIUM and CCINFO, V.W.&R.]
Acute Toxicity: ×
Skin Irritation/Corrosion: ×
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: √
Respiratory or Skin: ×
sensitisation: ×
Mutagenicity: ×
Carcinogenicity: ×
Reproductivity: ×
STOT – Single Exposure: √
STOT – Repeated Exposure: ×
Aspiration Hazard: √
Legend:
× – Data either not available or does not fill the criteria for classification
√ – Data available to make classification

SECTION 12 Ecological information

Toxicity
CP-70 (Cyclopentane/Isopentane Blend – 70:30)
Cyclopentane
Isopentane
Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source
EC50(ECx) 72h Algae or other aquatic plants 1.26mg/l 2
EC50 72h Algae or other aquatic plants 1.26mg/l 2
EC50 48h Crustacea 2.3mg/l 1
EC50 96h Algae or other aquatic plants 5.2mg/l 2
LC50 96h Fish 4.26mg/l 2
n-Pentane
Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source
EC50 72h Algae or other aquatic plants 1.26mg/l 2
EC50(ECx) 8h Algae or other aquatic plants 1mg/l 1
EC50 48h Crustacea 2.7mg/l 2
LC50 96h Fish 4.26mg/l 2
Legend
Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances – Ecotoxicological Information – Aquatic Toxicity 4. US EPA, Ecotox database – Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) – Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) – Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data
Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.

Persistence and degradability

Ingredient /Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air
Cyclopentane LOW LOW
Isopentane HIGH HIGH
n-Pentane LOW LOW

Bioaccumulative potential

Ingredient Bioaccumulation
cyclopentane LOW (LogKOW = 3)
isopentane LOW (LogKOW = 2.7234)
n-pentane LOW (BCF = 2.35)

Mobility in soil

Ingredient Mobility
Cyclopentane LOW (KOC = 89.71)
Isopentane LOW (KOC = 67.7)
n-Pentane LOW (KOC = 80.77)

SECTION 13 Disposal considerations Waste treatment methods

Waste treatment methods

Product / Packaging disposal
Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty. Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible.
Otherwise:
If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, then puncture containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill.
Where possible retain label warnings and SDS and observe all notices pertaining to the product.
DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains. It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first. Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.
Recycle wherever possible.
Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste management authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility can be identified.
Dispose of by: burial in a land-fill specifically licensed to accept chemical and / or pharmaceutical wastes or Incineration in a licensed apparatus (after admixture with suitable combustible material).
Decontaminate empty containers.

SECTION 14 Transport information

Labels Required
Marine Pollutant
HAZCHEM: 3YE

Land transport (ADG)
UN number 1265
UN proper shipping name PENTANES, liquid
Transport hazard class(es) Class 3
Subrisk Not Applicable
Packing group II
Environmental hazard Environmentally hazardous

Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR)

UN number 1265
UN proper shipping name Pentanes liquid

Special precautions for user Special provisions Not Applicable Limited quantity 1 L

Transport hazard class(es)
ICAO/IATA Class 3
ICAO / IATA Subrisk Not Applicable
ERG Code 3H

Packing group II
Environmental hazard Environmentally hazardous

Special precautions for user
Special provisions Not Applicable
Cargo Only Packing Instructions 364
Cargo Only Maximum Qty / Pack 60 L
Passenger and Cargo Packing Instructions 353
Passenger and Cargo Maximum Qty / Pack 5 L
Passenger and Cargo Limited Quantity Packing Instructions Y341
Passenger and Cargo Limited Maximum Qty / Pack 1 L

Ttransport (IMDG-Code / GGVSee)

UN number 1265
UN proper shipping name PENTANES liquid

Transport hazard class(es) IMDG Class 3
IMDG Subrisk Not Applicable

Packing group II
Environmental hazard Marine Pollutant

Special precautions for user

EMS Number F-E, S-D
Special provisions Not Applicable
Limited Quantities 1 L

Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL and the IBC code

Not Applicable

Transport in bulk in accordance with MARPOL Annex V and the IMSBC Code

Product name Group
cyclopentane Not Available
isopentane Not Available
n-pentane Not Available

Transport in bulk in accordance with the ICG Code

Product name Ship Type
cyclopentane Not Available
isopentane Not Available
n-pentane Not Available

SECTION 15 Regulatory information

Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture

Cyclopentane is found on the following regulatory lists
China Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS) – Hazardous Chemicals China Inventory of Industrial Chemicals (CIIC)

isopentane is found on the following regulatory lists

China Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS) – Hazardous Chemicals China Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP)

China Inventory of Industrial Chemicals (CIIC)

n-pentane is found on the following regulatory lists

China Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS) – Hazardous Chemicals China Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP)

National Inventory Status

National Inventory Status
China – AIIC / China Non-Industrial Use
Yes
Canada – DSL Yes
Canada – NDSL No (cyclopentane; isopentane; n-pentane)
China – IECSC Yes
Europe – EINEC / ELINCS / NLP Yes
Japan – ENCS Yes
Korea – KECI Yes
New Zealand – NZIoC Yes
Philippines – PICCS Yes
USA – TSCA Yes
Taiwan – TCSI Yes
Mexico – INSQ Yes
Vietnam – NCI Yes
Russia – FBEPH Yes

Legend: Yes = All CAS declared ingredients are on the inventory
No = One or more of the CAS listed ingredients are not on the inventory. These ingredients may be exempt or will require registration.

SECTION 16 Other information

Revision Date: 08/22/2017
Initial Date: 06/10/2007

Other information
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.

The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.

Definitions and abbreviations
PC－TWA: Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted Average PC－STEL: Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure Limit IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer
ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit
TEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit。
IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations ES: Exposure Standard
OSF: Odour Safety Factor
NOAEL :No Observed Adverse Effect Level LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level TLV: Threshold Limit Value
LOD: Limit Of Detection OTV: Odour Threshold Value
BCF: BioConcentration Factors BEI: Biological Exposure Index
AIIC: Chinan Inventory of Industrial Chemicals DSL: Domestic Substances List
NDSL: Non-Domestic Substances List
IECSC: Inventory of Existing Chemical Substance in China
EINECS: European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances ELINCS: European List of Notified Chemical Substances
NLP: No-Longer Polymers
ENCS: Existing and New Chemical Substances Inventory KECI: Korea Existing Chemicals Inventory
NZIoC: New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals
PICCS: Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act
TCSI: Taiwan Chemical Substance Inventory
INSQ: Inventario Nacional de Sustancias Químicas NCI: National Chemical Inventory
FBEPH: Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances

This document is copyright.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from Junyuan Petroleum Group

Packaging Information

Available from Junyuan Petroleum Group
Supplied in standard ISO tank containers (25m³ or 26m³)
Store containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, out of direct sunlight
For alternative or larger package sizes please contact Junyuan Petroleum Group via email at info@junyuanpetroleumgroup.com

Technical Data Sheet

Appearance: Clear
Idor: Gasline like
Cyclopentane %(m/m): 70±3%
Pentane %: 0.5%
Isopentane %(m/m): 30±3%
Above C6 heavy component(mol)%: ≤1
Water ppm: ≤150
Bromin Index mgBr/100g: ≤100

Applications

Foam Blowing Agents

Product Features and Benefits

Clear, colourless, highly flammable liquid, strong hydrocarbon odour, used as an alternative to HCFC or HFC blowing agents.
The information contained within this website is for guidance only, for further system specific advice please contact Junyuan Petroleum Group directly.

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Blend Iso/n-pentane (25 – 75%), Pentane Blend is mainly used as EPS and PF plastic foaming agent, molecular sieve desorption agent, extraction solvent, artificial ice making, very low temperature thermometer, insect killer, anesthetic, lubricant for liquid air machine, etc.
With a narrow boiling range, consistent composition and fast evaporation Pentanes are primarily used as propellants in aerosols, as blowing agents in foams (eg expandable polystyrene) and as reaction media in chemical processes such as polymerisation. View our featured products in detail or compare the complete range available below.

n-/Isopentane 20-80% Technical Datasheet
Blowing Agent Additive

Product Description:
Pentane 20/80 is a blend of 20% n-Pentane and 80% Isopentane. It is a very fast evaporating hydrocarbon solvent and low in impurities such as sulphur, olefins, benzene and total aromatics. Typically this product finds use in applications where high volatility is required. Blowing agent, aerosol propellant and electronic cleaning are examples of such applications.

Note: the final specification shall be subject to the factory test result and Certificate of Analysis (COA).

In the work of replacing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), major countries in Western Europe have shown interest in alkanes, especially pentanes. Their main view is that pentanes have no halogen atoms, ODP value (ozone depletion potential value) is zero, and GWP value is also quite small, generally lower than 0.0004 At present, pentane compounds replacing CFC-11 (monofluorotrichloromethane) as chemical foaming agent are mainly n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane.

Among pentane compounds, Cyclopentane is the most used. At present, the research on Cyclopentane foaming system is more systematic and in-depth in Western European developed countries. Cyclopentane blowing agents were first used in the European conveyor belt laminate production line, and Cyclopentane Blowing Agents were widely used in products such as metal sandwich panels and bulk foams. Polyurethane rigid foam was widely applied in the fields of household appliances and construction industry. The main advantages of using pentane as an alternative to CFC-11 are as follows.
1. These compounds do not contain halogen and have a short service life in the atmosphere. Their degradation half-life is 10 ~ 15h. They can be completely decomposed in a few days and will not consume or destroy ozone in the atmosphere. ODP value (ozone depletion potential value) is equal to zero.
2. The GWP value (global warming potential value) of pentane is very small, only 1 / 10000 ~ 4 / 10000 of CFC-11
3. The boiling point of pentane is similar to that of CFC-11, so the foaming process conditions will not change much.
4. The relative molecular weight of pentane is about 50% lower than that of CFC-11. When pentane is used as foaming agent, the dosage is relatively saved by nearly half.
5. The gas phase thermal conductivity of pentane is low. The use of pentane as blowing agent has little effect on the insulation performance of polyurethane rigid foam, and can meet the technical requirements of thermal insulation of household appliances such as refrigerators.

Frequently asked questions about using pentane blowing agent:
1. Pentane is flammable and has a wide range of explosion limits in the air. Therefore, in terms of equipment and production safety, greater investment is needed to transform the equipment and production environment and formulate more strict operating procedures.
2. Pentane has poor miscibility with common polyether polyols and other components, but its miscibility will become worse in the presence of water. Among the three pentane compounds, cyclopentane is slightly more miscible. According to the research, the solubility of cyclopentane to the main types of polyether with hydroxyl value greater than 44mgkoh / G is about 12% ~ 19%, and the solubility of n-pentane and isopentane is only 7%.
3. Pentane is easy to escape from the foam and pollute the environment. At the same time, its combustion and explosion characteristics will cause some danger to the production safety.
4. The gas phase thermal conductivity is high. It is estimated that the energy consumption of pentane foamed products will be about 10% higher than that of CFC-11.
The boiling point of Cyclopentane is slightly higher. When the temperature of the foam product decreases, the Cyclopentane gas will condensate and affect the dimensional stability of the foam. Therefore, the foam density of the system is generally higher than that of the CFC-11 system. In the use of thermal insulation materials made of cyclopentane blowing agent system, such as fridge insulation layer, in order to avoid temperature drop, pentane condensation in the bubble, and the difference between the atmospheric pressure is bigger and bigger, resulting in the deformation stress of the foam body. The strength of the rigid foam material used for the insulation layer must be raised. Generally, the CFC-11 system foam can withstand the shrinkage stress caused by pressure drop in the bubble when the density is 32kg/m3. For the rigid polyurethane foam with pentane foaming system, the density must be increased to 37/kgm3, so as to ensure the dimensional stability of the foam at low temperature. For this reason, the compressive strength of the cyclopentane foaming system is greater than 160kPa. According to experience, in the formulation of pentane foaming system, when the amount of water is 2 phr, the amount of pentane foaming agent should usually be less than 12 phr, and when the amount of water in the formulation is zero, the amount of pentane should usually be less than 25 phr.

Junyuan Petroleum Group produces a wide range of hydrocarbon solvents, including n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, aromatics and Pentane Blends.

Revision History
Last Updated: 11/20/2016

n-/Isopentane 60-40% Technical Datasheet
Blowing Agent Additive

Product Description:
Pentane 60/40 is a blend of 60% n-Pentane and 40% Isopentane. It is a very fast evaporating hydrocarbon solvent and low in impurities such as sulphur, olefins, benzene and total aromatics. Typically this product finds use in applications where high volatility is required. Blowing agent, aerosol propellant and electronic cleaning are examples of such applications.

Junyuan Petroleum Group produces a wide range of hydrocarbon solvents, including n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, aromatics and Pentane Blends.

Revision History
Last Updated: 01/20/2017

n-/Isopentane 80-20% Technical Datasheet
Blowing Agent Additive

Product Description:
Pentane 80/20 is a blend of 80% n-Pentane and 20% Isopentane. It is a very fast evaporating hydrocarbon solvent and low in impurities such as sulphur, olefins, benzene and total aromatics. Typically this product finds use in applications where high volatility is required. Blowing agent, aerosol propellant and electronic cleaning are examples of such applications.

Note: the final specification shall be subject to the factory test result and Certificate of Analysis (COA).

In the work of replacing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), major countries in Western Europe have shown interest in alkanes, especially pentanes. Their main view is that pentanes have no halogen atoms, ODP value (ozone depletion potential value) is zero, and GWP value is also quite small, generally lower than 0.0004 At present, pentane compounds replacing CFC-11 (monofluorotrichloromethane) as chemical foaming agent are mainly n-Pentane, Isopentane and Cyclopentane.

Among pentane compounds, Cyclopentane is the most used. At present, the research on Cyclopentane foaming system is more systematic and in-depth in Western European developed countries. Cyclopentane blowing agents were first used in the European conveyor belt laminate production line, and Cyclopentane Blowing Agents were widely used in products such as metal sandwich panels and bulk foams. Polyurethane rigid foam was widely applied in the fields of household appliances and construction industry. The main advantages of using pentane as an alternative to CFC-11 are as follows.
1. These compounds do not contain halogen and have a short service life in the atmosphere. Their degradation half-life is 10 ~ 15h. They can be completely decomposed in a few days and will not consume or destroy ozone in the atmosphere. ODP value (ozone depletion potential value) is equal to zero.
2. The GWP value (global warming potential value) of pentane is very small, only 1 / 10000 ~ 4 / 10000 of CFC-11
3. The boiling point of pentane is similar to that of CFC-11, so the foaming process conditions will not change much.
4. The relative molecular weight of pentane is about 50% lower than that of CFC-11. When pentane is used as foaming agent, the dosage is relatively saved by nearly half.
5. The gas phase thermal conductivity of pentane is low. The use of pentane as blowing agent has little effect on the insulation performance of polyurethane rigid foam, and can meet the technical requirements of thermal insulation of household appliances such as refrigerators.

Frequently asked questions about using pentane blowing agent:
1. Pentane is flammable and has a wide range of explosion limits in the air. Therefore, in terms of equipment and production safety, greater investment is needed to transform the equipment and production environment and formulate more strict operating procedures.
2. Pentane has poor miscibility with common polyether polyols and other components, but its miscibility will become worse in the presence of water. Among the three pentane compounds, cyclopentane is slightly more miscible. According to the research, the solubility of cyclopentane to the main types of polyether with hydroxyl value greater than 44mgkoh / G is about 12% ~ 19%, and the solubility of n-pentane and isopentane is only 7%.
3. Pentane is easy to escape from the foam and pollute the environment. At the same time, its combustion and explosion characteristics will cause some danger to the production safety.
4. The gas phase thermal conductivity is high. It is estimated that the energy consumption of pentane foamed products will be about 10% higher than that of CFC-11.
The boiling point of Cyclopentane is slightly higher. When the temperature of the foam product decreases, the Cyclopentane gas will condensate and affect the dimensional stability of the foam. Therefore, the foam density of the system is generally higher than that of the CFC-11 system. In the use of thermal insulation materials made of cyclopentane blowing agent system, such as fridge insulation layer, in order to avoid temperature drop, pentane condensation in the bubble, and the difference between the atmospheric pressure is bigger and bigger, resulting in the deformation stress of the foam body. The strength of the rigid foam material used for the insulation layer must be raised. Generally, the CFC-11 system foam can withstand the shrinkage stress caused by pressure drop in the bubble when the density is 32kg/m3. For the rigid polyurethane foam with pentane foaming system, the density must be increased to 37/kgm3, so as to ensure the dimensional stability of the foam at low temperature. For this reason, the compressive strength of the cyclopentane foaming system is greater than 160kPa. According to experience, in the formulation of pentane foaming system, when the amount of water is 2 phr, the amount of pentane foaming agent should usually be less than 12 phr, and when the amount of water in the formulation is zero, the amount of pentane should usually be less than 25 phr.

Junyuan Petroleum Group produces a wide range of hydrocarbon solvents, including n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, aromatics and Pentane Blends.

Revision History
Last Updated: 11/20/2016

n-/Isopentane 70-30% Technical Datasheet
Blowing Agent Additive

n-(70%) / Iso Pentane (30%) Summary:
Pentane 70/30 is a blend of 70% n-Pentane and 30% Isopentane. It is a very fast evaporating hydrocarbon solvent and low in impurities such as sulphur, olefins, benzene and total aromatics. Typically this product finds use in applications where high volatility is required. Blowing agent, aerosol propellant and electronic cleaning are examples of such applications.

Note: the final specification shall be subject to the factory test result and Certificate of Analysis (COA).

Among pentane compounds, Cyclopentane is the most used. At present, the research on Cyclopentane foaming system is more systematic and in-depth in Western European developed countries. Cyclopentane blowing agents were first used in the European conveyor belt laminate production line, and Cyclopentane Blowing Agents were widely used in products such as metal sandwich panels and bulk foams. Polyurethane rigid foam was widely applied in the fields of household appliances and construction industry. The main advantages of using pentane as an alternative to CFC-11 are as follows.
1. These compounds do not contain halogen and have a short service life in the atmosphere. Their degradation half-life is 10 ~ 15h. They can be completely decomposed in a few days and will not consume or destroy ozone in the atmosphere. ODP value (ozone depletion potential value) is equal to zero.
2. The GWP value (global warming potential value) of pentane is very small, only 1 / 10000 ~ 4 / 10000 of CFC-11
3. The boiling point of pentane is similar to that of CFC-11, so the foaming process conditions will not change much.
4. The relative molecular weight of pentane is about 50% lower than that of CFC-11. When pentane is used as foaming agent, the dosage is relatively saved by nearly half.
5. The gas phase thermal conductivity of pentane is low. The use of pentane as blowing agent has little effect on the insulation performance of polyurethane rigid foam, and can meet the technical requirements of thermal insulation of household appliances such as refrigerators.

Frequently asked questions about using pentane blowing agent:
1. Pentane is flammable and has a wide range of explosion limits in the air. Therefore, in terms of equipment and production safety, greater investment is needed to transform the equipment and production environment and formulate more strict operating procedures.
2. Pentane has poor miscibility with common polyether polyols and other components, but its miscibility will become worse in the presence of water. Among the three pentane compounds, cyclopentane is slightly more miscible. According to the research, the solubility of cyclopentane to the main types of polyether with hydroxyl value greater than 44mgkoh / G is about 12% ~ 19%, and the solubility of n-pentane and isopentane is only 7%.
3. Pentane is easy to escape from the foam and pollute the environment. At the same time, its combustion and explosion characteristics will cause some danger to the production safety.
4. The gas phase thermal conductivity is high. It is estimated that the energy consumption of pentane foamed products will be about 10% higher than that of CFC-11.
The boiling point of Cyclopentane is slightly higher. When the temperature of the foam product decreases, the Cyclopentane gas will condensate and affect the dimensional stability of the foam. Therefore, the foam density of the system is generally higher than that of the CFC-11 system. In the use of thermal insulation materials made of cyclopentane blowing agent system, such as fridge insulation layer, in order to avoid temperature drop, pentane condensation in the bubble, and the difference between the atmospheric pressure is bigger and bigger, resulting in the deformation stress of the foam body. The strength of the rigid foam material used for the insulation layer must be raised. Generally, the CFC-11 system foam can withstand the shrinkage stress caused by pressure drop in the bubble when the density is 32kg/m3. For the rigid polyurethane foam with pentane foaming system, the density must be increased to 37/kgm3, so as to ensure the dimensional stability of the foam at low temperature. For this reason, the compressive strength of the cyclopentane foaming system is greater than 160kPa. According to experience, in the formulation of pentane foaming system, when the amount of water is 2 phr, the amount of pentane foaming agent should usually be less than 12 phr, and when the amount of water in the formulation is zero, the amount of pentane should usually be less than 25 phr.

Junyuan Petroleum Group produces a wide range of hydrocarbon solvents, including n-Pentane, Isopentane, Cyclopentane, aromatics and Pentane Blends.

Revision History
Last Updated: 11/20/2016