Tetrachloroethylene
Perchloroethylene is a colorless, non-flammable liquid that has a sweetish smell. It easily dissolves in water and evaporates when exposed to air. Perc is primarily used in the dry cleaning industry.
- CAS-No. 127-18-4
- Synonyms: Tetrachloroethylene, Perc, PCE, Ethylene tetrachloride, Perchloroethylene
- Assay (GC): ≥ 99.9 %
- Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C2Cl4
- Molecular Weight: 165.83
Description
Tetrachloroethylene or perchloroethylene is a colorless volatile nonflammable liquid with an ether-like odor that may emit toxic fumes of phosgene when exposed to sunlight or heat. Tetrachloroethylene is used as a cleaning solvent in dry cleaning and textile processing in the manufacture of fluorocarbons as a lab solvent degreaser and chemical intermediate.
Name: Perchlorethylene
CAS: 127-18-4
Molecular Formula: C2Cl4
Molecular Weight: 165.83
Tetrachloroethylene, Ultrapure, Spectrophotometric Grade, 99+%
Chemical Properties
Grade Specifications
Applications
Tetrachloroethylene is used as solvent. It is involved in dry cleaning as well as in the degreasing of metal parts. It finds application as a neutrino detector. It is utilized as a paint stripper and a spot remover in consumer products. It acts as a precursor for the manufacture of other chemicals. It plays an important role in water repellants, paint removers, printing inks, glues, sealants, polishes and lubricants. As a film-forming electrolyte additive, it is used in the manufacture of lithium ion batteries and is actively involved as an extraction solvent in the determination of oil and grease in water by FT-IR.
Notes
Tetrachloroethylene – Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C2Cl4 |
| Molar Mass | 165.83 |
| Density | 1.623 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | -22 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 121 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 120-121°C |
| Water Solubility | Miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene and hexane. Slightly miscible with water. |
| Solubility | water: soluble0.15g/L at 25°C |
| Vapor Presure | 13 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 5.83 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | APHA: ≤10 |
| Odor | chloroform-like odor |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 50 ppm (～325 mg/m3) (ACGIH),100 ppm (MSHA and OSHA); TLV-STEL200 ppm (ACGIH); carcinogenicity: AnimalLimited Evidence. |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | λ: 290 nm Amax: 1.00λ: 295 nm Amax: 0.30λ: 300 nm Amax: ≤0.20λ: 305 nm Amax: 0.10λ: 350 nm Amax: 0.0 |
| Merck | 14,9190 |
| BRN | 1361721 |
| Storage Condition | Store at +2°C to +25°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals, aluminium, strong bases. |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.505(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless transparent liquid, with ether-like odor. boiling point 121 ℃ freezing point -22.0 ℃ relative density 1.6227 refractive index 1.50547 solubility: Solubility: Dissolution of various substances (such as rubber, resin, fat, aluminum chloride, sulfur, iodine, mercury chloride). With ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene miscibility. Dissolve in about 10000 times the volume of water. |
| Use | Used as organic solvent, dry cleaning agent, desulfurization agent and fabric finishing agent |
Tetrachloroethylene – Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R40 – Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R51/53 – Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R23/25 – Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. R11 – Highly Flammable R39/23/24/25 – R23/24/25 – Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S23 – Do not breathe vapour. S36/37 – Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S61 – Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S45 – In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S24 – Avoid contact with skin. S16 – Keep away from sources of ignition. S7 – Keep container tightly closed. |
| UN IDs | UN 1897 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | KX3850000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29032300 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in mice: 8.85 g/kg (Dybing); LC for mice in air: 5925 ppm (Lazarew) |
Tetrachloroethylene – Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Chlorine Trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene |
| Downstream Products | hexachloroethane Perchlorethylene |
Tetrachloroethylene – Nature
- colorless transparent liquid with an odor similar to ether. Can dissolve a variety of substances (such as rubber, resin, fat, AICl3, S, I2, HgCI2). Non-combustible. Sexual stability. In the absence of air, moisture and catalyst, heating to 500 °c was stable. Resistant to hydrolysis. Relative density (d20) 1.6227. Boiling at 121 °c. The freezing point was about -22.0 °c. Refractive index (n ~ 0)1. 50547. No flash point. With ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene miscibility. Dissolve in about 10000 times the volume of water.
- long-term decomposition in the presence of light, water, oxygen into trichloroacetaldehyde and phosgene, corrosive to metals. An amine or phenol derivative of (10 to 500)× 10 -6 is generally added as an anti-decomposing agent.
Tetrachloroethylene – Nature
| melting point | -22°C (lit.) |
| boiling point | 121°C (lit.) |
| density | 1.623 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| vapor density | 5.83 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 13mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| refractive index | n20/D 1.505(lit.) |
| flash point | 120-121°C |
| storage conditions | Store at 2°C to 25°C. |
| solubility | water: soluble0.15g/L at 25°C |
| morphology | Liquid |
| color | APHA: ≤10 |
| Odor | chloroform-like odor |
| olfactory threshold (Odor Threshold) | 0.77ppm |
| water solubility | Miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene and hexane. Slightly miscible with water. |
| freezing point | -22.0℃ |
| maximum wavelength (& lambda;max) | λ: 290 nm Amax: 1.00 λ: 295 nm Amax: 0.30 λ: 300 nm Amax: ≤0.20 λ: 305 nm Amax: 0.10 λ: 350 nm Amax: 0.05 λ: 400 nm Amax: 0.03 |
| Merck | 14,9190 |
| BRN | 1361721 |
| Henry’s Law Constant | 4.97 at 1.8 °C, 15.5 at 21.6 °C, 34.2 at 40.0 °C, 47.0 at 50 °C, 68.9 at 60 °C, 117.0 at 70°C (EPICS-GC, Shimotori and Arnold, 2003) |
| exposure limit | TLV-TWA 50 ppm (~325 mg/m3) (ACGIH), 100 ppm (MSHA and OSHA); TLV-STEL 200 ppm (ACGIH); carcinogenicity: Animal Limited Evidence. |
| stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals, aluminium, strong bases. |
| (IARC) Carcinogen Classification | 2A (Vol. Sup 7, 63, 106) 2014 |
| NIST chemical information | Tetrachloroethylene(127-18-4) |
| EPA chemical information | Tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) |
Tetrachloroethylene – Use
- In industry, tetrachloroethylene is mainly used as solvent, organic synthesis, metal surface cleaner and dry cleaning agent, desulfurizer and heat transfer medium. Medically used as an insect repellent. It is also an intermediate for the production of trichloroethylene and fluorine-containing organic matter. General residents may be exposed to low concentrations of tetrachloroethylene through the atmosphere, food and drinking water.
- Tetrachloroethylene has good solubility for many inorganic and organic compounds, such as sulfur, iodine, mercury chloride, aluminum trichloride, fat, rubber and resin, etc. This solubility is widely used as metal degreasing cleaning agent, paint remover, dry cleaning agent, rubber solvent, ink solvent, liquid soap, degreasing of high-grade fur and feathers; Tetrachloroethylene is also used as deworming (hookworm and.
- Tetrachloroethylene is also an intestinal repellent, which is effective in treating hookworm infection and killing hookworm and American hookworm. However, side effects such as dizziness, headache, nausea, drowsiness and drunkenness can occur. Generally, use its capsules to swallow on an empty stomach, and avoid oil and alcohol during the medication to avoid poisoning. It is highly toxic to the liver and central nervous system, has strong irritation to the digestive tract, and can cause anemia, so it is now used less.
- Tetrachloroethylene dry cleaning is still dominant in the world. The use of tetrachloroethylene can clean clothes efficiently and safely. It has the characteristics of low solvent consumption and emission, can be recycled repeatedly, and has good safety performance. Structurally speaking, due to the chlorine atoms in it, tetrachloroethylene is not easy to burn, and it has neither flash point nor explosion; but when other substances are burned, irritating and harmful gases can be produced, so do not contact open flames and 150 ℃ High-temperature substances above; higher density than air, heavier than air, will be deposited on the ground; heavier than water and moisture layer will sink in the lower layer; low surface tension, easy to contact with clothing and stains; KB value is high, can easily dissolve grease dirt.
Tetrachloroethylene – Preparation
1. Ethylene Method
This method can coproduce trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, which are divided into the following two methods. A. Direct chlorinated ethylene and chlorine are reacted in a solution of 1,2-dichloroethane containing FeCl3 catalyst at 280-450 ℃ to generate 1,2-dichloroethane, which is further chlorinated to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. After distillation, it is neutralized, washed and dried with NH3 respectively to obtain the finished product. B. oxychlorination is carried out by the addition of ethylene and chlorine to produce 1, 2-dichloroethane, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chlorine and oxygen are subjected to oxychlorination reaction under the conditions of CuCl2 and KCl as catalysts and 425 ℃ and 138-207kPa. The product is cooled, washed with water, dried and then distilled to obtain high purity product.
2. Hydrocarbon Oxidation Method
The hydrocarbon mixture containing methane, ethane, propane, propylene, etc. is chlorinated and pyrolyzed at 50-500 ℃ to obtain the mixture of chlorinated hydrocarbons, which is separated into various products after rectification.
3. Acetylene Method
Acetylene and chlorine are heated and chlorinated to produce 1,1,2,2, 2-tetrachloroethane. Hydrogen chloride is removed with alkali to obtain trichloroethylene, which is then chlorinated to produce pentachloroethane, and then hydrogen chloride is removed with alkali to obtain tetrachloroethylene. Because of the high price of acetylene, it has been gradually replaced by the ethylene method.
| Formula: C₂Cl₄ MW: 165.83 g/mol Boiling Pt: 121.1 °C (1013 hPa) Melting Pt: –22 °C Density: 1.620 g/cm³ (20 °C) Flash Pt: 38 °C (closed cup) Storage Temperature: Ambient |
MDL Number: MFCD00000834 CAS Number: 127-18-4 EINECS: 204-825-9 UN: 1897 ADR: 6.1,III Merck Index: 12,09332 |
Tetrachloroethylene – Security information
| dangerous goods mark | Xn,N,T,F |
| hazard category code | 40-51/53-23/25-11-39/23/24/25-23/24/25 |
| safety instructions | 23-36/37-61-45-24-16-7 |
| dangerous goods transport number | UN 1897 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS number | KX3850000 |
| auto-ignition temperature | 260℃ |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HazardClass | 6.1 |
| PackingGroup | III |
| customs code | 29032300 |
| toxic substance data | 127-18-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in mice: 8.85 g/kg (Dybing); LC for mice in air: 5925 ppm (Lazarew) |
| Name | Perchlorethylene |
| Synonyms | PER PCE Nema PERK PERC Dowper persec tetlen perawin fedal-un perklone tetravec Perclene Tetropil Didakene perchlor Tetracap tetralex tetraleno tetroguer antisol 1 percosolve Ankilostin perclene d Perchlorethylene carbon dichloride Tetrochloroethane Perchloroethylene tetrachloroethene Tetrachloroethylene Ethylene tetrachloride tetrachloroethylene(PCE) 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene Ethene,1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- TETRACHLOROETHYLENE EMPLURA 1 L TETRACHLOROETHYLENE EMPLURA 25 L TETRACHLOROETHYLENE EMPLURA 190 L TETRACHLOROETHYLENE FOR SPECTROSCOPY Uva |
